OPC基金會提供了OPC UA .NET標準庫以及示例程序，但官方文檔過于簡單，光看官方文檔和示例程序很難弄懂OPC UA .NET標準庫怎么用，花了不少時間摸索才略微弄懂如何使用，以下記錄如何從一個控制臺程序開發(fā)一個OPC UA服務器。
安裝Nuget包
安裝OPCFoundation.NetStandard.Opc.Ua
主程序
修改Program.cs代碼如下：
using Opc.Ua;
using Opc.Ua.Configuration;
using Opc.Ua.Server;
namespace SampleOpcUaServer
{
internal class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
ApplicationInstance application = new ApplicationInstance();
application.ConfigSectionName = "OpcUaServer";
application.LoadApplicationConfiguration(false).Wait();
application.CheckApplicationInstanceCertificate(false, 0).Wait();
var server = new StandardServer();
var nodeManagerFactory = new NodeManagerFactory();
server.AddNodeManager(nodeManagerFactory);
application.Start(server).Wait();
var nodeManager = nodeManagerFactory.NodeManager;
var simulationTimer = new System.Timers.Timer(1000);
var random = new Random();
simulationTimer.Elapsed += (sender, EventArgs) =>
{
nodeManager?.UpdateValue("ns=2;s=Root_Test", random.NextInt64());
};
simulationTimer.Start();
Console.WriteLine("Endpoints:");
foreach (var endpoint in server.GetEndpoints().DistinctBy(x => x.EndpointUrl))
{
Console.WriteLine(endpoint.EndpointUrl);
}
Console.WriteLine("按Enter添加新變量");
Console.ReadLine();
nodeManager?.AddVariable("ns=2;s=Root", null, "Test2", (int)BuiltInType.Int16, ValueRanks.Scalar);
Console.WriteLine("已添加變量");
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
上述代碼中：
ApplicationInstance是OPC UA標準庫中用于配置并承載OPC UA Server和檢查證書的類。application.ConfigSectionName指定了配置文件的名稱，配置文件是xml文件，將會在程序文件夾查找名為OpcUaServer.Config.xml的配置文件。配置文件內容見后文。application.LoadApplicationConfiguration加載前面指定的配置文件。如果不想使用配置文件，也可通過代碼給application.ApplicationConfiguration賦值。- 有
StandardServer和ReverseConnectServer兩種作為OPC UA服務器的類，ReverseConnectServer派生于StandardServer，這兩種類的區(qū)別未深入研究，用StandardServer可滿足基本的需求。 - OPC UA的地址空間由節(jié)點組成，簡單理解節(jié)點就是提供給OPC UA客戶端訪問的變量和文件夾。通過
server.AddNodeManager方法添加節(jié)點管理工廠類，NodeManagerFactory類定義見后文。 - 調用
application.Start(server)方法后，OPC UA Server就會開始運行，并不會阻塞代碼，為了保持在控制臺程序中運行，所以使用Console.ReadLine()阻塞程序。 nodeManager?.UpdateValue是自定義的更新OPC UA地址空間中變量值的方法。nodeManager?.AddVariable在此演示動態(tài)添加一個新的變量。
OPC UA配置文件
新建OpcUaServer.Config.xml文件。
在屬性中設為“始終賦值”。
內容如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<ApplicationConfiguration
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:ua="http://opcfoundation.org/UA/2008/02/Types.xsd"
xmlns="http://opcfoundation.org/UA/SDK/Configuration.xsd"
>
<ApplicationName>Sample OPC UA Server</ApplicationName>
<ApplicationUri>urn:localhost:UA:OpcUaServer</ApplicationUri>
<ProductUri>uri:opcfoundation.org:OpcUaServer</ProductUri>
<ApplicationType>Server_0</ApplicationType>
<SecurityConfiguration>
<ApplicationCertificate>
<StoreType>Directory</StoreType>
<StorePath>%CommonApplicationData%\OPC Foundation\pki\own</StorePath>
<SubjectName>CN=Sample Opc Ua Server, C=US, S=Arizona, O=SomeCompany, DC=localhost</SubjectName>
</ApplicationCertificate>
<TrustedIssuerCertificates>
<StoreType>Directory</StoreType>
<StorePath>%CommonApplicationData%\OPC Foundation\pki\issuer</StorePath>
</TrustedIssuerCertificates>
<TrustedPeerCertificates>
<StoreType>Directory</StoreType>
<StorePath>%CommonApplicationData%\OPC Foundation\pki\trusted</StorePath>
</TrustedPeerCertificates>
<RejectedCertificateStore>
<StoreType>Directory</StoreType>
<StorePath>%CommonApplicationData%\OPC Foundation\pki\rejected</StorePath>
</RejectedCertificateStore>
</SecurityConfiguration>
<TransportConfigurations></TransportConfigurations>
<TransportQuotas>
<OperationTimeout>600000</OperationTimeout>
<MaxStringLength>1048576</MaxStringLength>
<MaxByteStringLength>1048576</MaxByteStringLength>
<MaxArrayLength>65535</MaxArrayLength>
<MaxMessageSize>4194304</MaxMessageSize>
<MaxBufferSize>65535</MaxBufferSize>
<ChannelLifetime>300000</ChannelLifetime>
<SecurityTokenLifetime>3600000</SecurityTokenLifetime>
</TransportQuotas>
<ServerConfiguration>
<BaseAddresses>
<ua:String>https://localhost:62545/OpcUaServer/</ua:String>
<ua:String>opc.tcp://localhost:62546/OpcUaServer</ua:String>
</BaseAddresses>
<SecurityPolicies>
<ServerSecurityPolicy>
<SecurityMode>SignAndEncrypt_3</SecurityMode>
<SecurityPolicyUri>http://opcfoundation.org/UA/SecurityPolicy#Basic256Sha256</SecurityPolicyUri>
</ServerSecurityPolicy>
<ServerSecurityPolicy>
<SecurityMode>None_1</SecurityMode>
<SecurityPolicyUri>http://opcfoundation.org/UA/SecurityPolicy#None</SecurityPolicyUri>
</ServerSecurityPolicy>
<ServerSecurityPolicy>
<SecurityMode>Sign_2</SecurityMode>
<SecurityPolicyUri></SecurityPolicyUri>
</ServerSecurityPolicy>
<ServerSecurityPolicy>
<SecurityMode>SignAndEncrypt_3</SecurityMode>
<SecurityPolicyUri></SecurityPolicyUri>
</ServerSecurityPolicy>
</SecurityPolicies>
<UserTokenPolicies>
<ua:UserTokenPolicy>
<ua:TokenType>Anonymous_0</ua:TokenType>
</ua:UserTokenPolicy>
<ua:UserTokenPolicy>
<ua:TokenType>UserName_1</ua:TokenType>
</ua:UserTokenPolicy>
<ua:UserTokenPolicy>
<ua:TokenType>Certificate_2</ua:TokenType>
</ua:UserTokenPolicy>
</UserTokenPolicies>
<DiagnosticsEnabled>false</DiagnosticsEnabled>
<MaxSessionCount>100</MaxSessionCount>
<MinSessionTimeout>10000</MinSessionTimeout>
<MaxSessionTimeout>3600000</MaxSessionTimeout>
<MaxBrowseContinuationPoints>10</MaxBrowseContinuationPoints>
<MaxQueryContinuationPoints>10</MaxQueryContinuationPoints>
<MaxHistoryContinuationPoints>100</MaxHistoryContinuationPoints>
<MaxRequestAge>600000</MaxRequestAge>
<MinPublishingInterval>100</MinPublishingInterval>
<MaxPublishingInterval>3600000</MaxPublishingInterval>
<PublishingResolution>50</PublishingResolution>
<MaxSubscriptionLifetime>3600000</MaxSubscriptionLifetime>
<MaxMessageQueueSize>10</MaxMessageQueueSize>
<MaxNotificationQueueSize>100</MaxNotificationQueueSize>
<MaxNotificationsPerPublish>1000</MaxNotificationsPerPublish>
<MinMetadataSamplingInterval>1000</MinMetadataSamplingInterval>
<AvailableSamplingRates>
<SamplingRateGroup>
<Start>5</Start>
<Increment>5</Increment>
<Count>20</Count>
</SamplingRateGroup>
<SamplingRateGroup>
<Start>100</Start>
<Increment>100</Increment>
<Count>4</Count>
</SamplingRateGroup>
<SamplingRateGroup>
<Start>500</Start>
<Increment>250</Increment>
<Count>2</Count>
</SamplingRateGroup>
<SamplingRateGroup>
<Start>1000</Start>
<Increment>500</Increment>
<Count>20</Count>
</SamplingRateGroup>
</AvailableSamplingRates>
<MaxRegistrationInterval>30000</MaxRegistrationInterval>
<NodeManagerSaveFile>OpcUaServer.nodes.xml</NodeManagerSaveFile>
</ServerConfiguration>
<TraceConfiguration>
<OutputFilePath>Logs\SampleOpcUaServer.log</OutputFilePath>
<DeleteOnLoad>true</DeleteOnLoad>
<TraceMasks>515</TraceMasks>
</TraceConfiguration>
</ApplicationConfiguration>
需要關注的內容有：
ApplicationName：在通過OPC UA工具連接此服務器時，顯示的服務器名稱就是該值。
ApplicationType：應用類型，可用的值有：
- Server_0：服務器
- Client_1：客戶端
- ClientAndServer_2：客戶機和服務器
- DisconveryServer_3：發(fā)現(xiàn)服務器。發(fā)現(xiàn)服務器用于注冊OPC UA服務器，然后提供OPC UA客戶端搜索到服務器。
SecurityConfiguration：該節(jié)點中指定了OPC UA的證書存儲路徑，一般保持默認，不需修改。
ServerConfiguration.BaseAddresses：該節(jié)點指定OPC UA服務器的url地址。
ServerConfiguration.SecurityPolicies：該節(jié)點配置允許的服務器安全策略，配置通訊是否要簽名和加密。
ServerConfiguration.UserTokenPolicies：該節(jié)點配置允許的用戶Token策略，例如是否允許匿名訪問。
AvailableSamplingRates：配置支持的變量采樣率。
TraceConfiguration：配置OPC UA服務器的日志記錄，設定日志記錄路徑，配置的路徑是在系統(tǒng)臨時文件夾下的路徑，日志文件的完整路徑是在%TEMP%\Logs\SampleOpcUaServer.log。
NodeManagerFactory
新建NodeManagerFactory類，OPC UA server將調用該類的Create方法創(chuàng)建INodeManager實現(xiàn)類，而INodeManager實現(xiàn)類用于管理OPC UA地址空間。內容如下：
using Opc.Ua;
using Opc.Ua.Server;
namespace SampleOpcUaServer
{
internal class NodeManagerFactory : INodeManagerFactory
{
public NodeManager? NodeManager { get; private set; }
public StringCollection NamespacesUris => new StringCollection() { "http://opcfoundation.org/OpcUaServer" };
public INodeManager Create(IServerInternal server, ApplicationConfiguration configuration)
{
if (NodeManager != null)
return NodeManager;
NodeManager = new NodeManager(server, configuration, NamespacesUris.ToArray());
return NodeManager;
}
}
}
- 實現(xiàn)
INodeManagerFactory接口，需實現(xiàn)NamespacesUris屬性和Create方法。 NodeManager類是自定義的類，定義見后文。- 為了獲取
Create方法返回的NodeManager類，定義了NodeManager屬性。
NodeManager
新建NodeManager類：
using Opc.Ua;
using Opc.Ua.Server;
namespace SampleOpcUaServer
{
internal class NodeManager : CustomNodeManager2
{
public NodeManager(IServerInternal server, params string[] namespaceUris)
: base(server, namespaceUris)
{
}
public NodeManager(IServerInternal server, ApplicationConfiguration configuration, params string[] namespaceUris)
: base(server, configuration, namespaceUris)
{
}
protected override NodeStateCollection LoadPredefinedNodes(ISystemContext context)
{
FolderState root = CreateFolder(null, null, "Root");
root.AddReference(ReferenceTypes.Organizes, true, ObjectIds.ObjectsFolder);
root.EventNotifier = EventNotifiers.SubscribeToEvents;
AddRootNotifier(root);
CreateVariable(root, null, "Test", BuiltInType.Int64, ValueRanks.Scalar);
return new NodeStateCollection(new List<NodeState> { root });
}
protected virtual FolderState CreateFolder(NodeState? parent, string? path, string name)
{
if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(path))
path = parent?.NodeId.Identifier is string id ? id + "_" + name : name;
FolderState folder = new FolderState(parent);
folder.SymbolicName = name;
folder.ReferenceTypeId = ReferenceTypes.Organizes;
folder.TypeDefinitionId = ObjectTypeIds.FolderType;
folder.NodeId = new NodeId(path, NamespaceIndex);
folder.BrowseName = new QualifiedName(path, NamespaceIndex);
folder.DisplayName = new LocalizedText("en", name);
folder.WriteMask = AttributeWriteMask.None;
folder.UserWriteMask = AttributeWriteMask.None;
folder.EventNotifier = EventNotifiers.None;
if (parent != null)
{
parent.AddChild(folder);
}
return folder;
}
protected virtual BaseDataVariableState CreateVariable(NodeState? parent, string? path, string name, BuiltInType dataType, int valueRank)
{
return CreateVariable(parent, path, name, (uint)dataType, valueRank);
}
protected virtual BaseDataVariableState CreateVariable(NodeState? parent, string? path, string name, NodeId dataType, int valueRank)
{
if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(path))
path = parent?.NodeId.Identifier is string id ? id + "_" + name : name;
BaseDataVariableState variable = new BaseDataVariableState(parent);
variable.SymbolicName = name;
variable.ReferenceTypeId = ReferenceTypes.Organizes;
variable.TypeDefinitionId = VariableTypeIds.BaseDataVariableType;
variable.NodeId = new NodeId(path, NamespaceIndex);
variable.BrowseName = new QualifiedName(path, NamespaceIndex);
variable.DisplayName = new LocalizedText("en", name);
variable.WriteMask = AttributeWriteMask.None;
variable.UserWriteMask = AttributeWriteMask.None;
variable.DataType = dataType;
variable.ValueRank = valueRank;
variable.AccessLevel = AccessLevels.CurrentReadOrWrite;
variable.UserAccessLevel = AccessLevels.CurrentReadOrWrite;
variable.Historizing = false;
variable.Value = Opc.Ua.TypeInfo.GetDefaultValue(dataType, valueRank, Server.TypeTree);
variable.StatusCode = StatusCodes.Good;
variable.Timestamp = DateTime.UtcNow;
if (valueRank == ValueRanks.OneDimension)
{
variable.ArrayDimensions = new ReadOnlyList<uint>(new List<uint> { 0 });
}
else if (valueRank == ValueRanks.TwoDimensions)
{
variable.ArrayDimensions = new ReadOnlyList<uint>(new List<uint> { 0, 0 });
}
if (parent != null)
{
parent.AddChild(variable);
}
return variable;
}
public void UpdateValue(NodeId nodeId, object value)
{
var variable = (BaseDataVariableState)FindPredefinedNode(nodeId, typeof(BaseDataVariableState));
if (variable != null)
{
variable.Value = value;
variable.Timestamp = DateTime.UtcNow;
variable.ClearChangeMasks(SystemContext, false);
}
}
public NodeId AddFolder(NodeId parentId, string? path, string name)
{
var node = Find(parentId);
var newNode = CreateFolder(node, path, name);
AddPredefinedNode(SystemContext, node);
return newNode.NodeId;
}
public NodeId AddVariable(NodeId parentId, string? path, string name, BuiltInType dataType, int valueRank)
{
return AddVariable(parentId, path, name, (uint)dataType, valueRank);
}
public NodeId AddVariable(NodeId parentId, string? path, string name, NodeId dataType, int valueRank)
{
var node = Find(parentId);
var newNode = CreateVariable(node, path, name, dataType, valueRank);
AddPredefinedNode(SystemContext, node);
return newNode.NodeId;
}
}
}
上述代碼中：
- 需繼承
CustomNodeManager2，這是OPC UA標準庫中提供的類。 - 重寫
LoadPredefinedNodes方法，在該方法中配置預定義節(jié)點。其中創(chuàng)建了一個Root文件夾，Root文件夾中添加了Test變量。 root.AddReference(ReferenceTypes.Organizes, true, ObjectIds.ObjectsFolder)該語句將節(jié)點添加到OPC UA服務器根節(jié)點，如果不使用該語句，可在Server節(jié)點下看到添加的節(jié)點。CreateFolder是自定義的方法，用于簡化創(chuàng)建文件夾節(jié)點。CreateVariable是自定義的方法，用于簡化創(chuàng)建變量節(jié)點。UpdateValue是用于更新變量節(jié)點值的方法。其中修改值后，需調用ClearChangeMasks方法，才能通知客戶端更新值。AddFolder用于啟動服務器后添加新的文件夾。AddVariable用于啟動服務器后添加新的變量。
測試服務器
比較好用的測試工具有：
以下用OpcExpert測試。
瀏覽本地計算機可發(fā)現(xiàn)OPC UA服務器，可看到添加的Root節(jié)點和Test變量，Test變量的值會每秒更新。
源碼地址：https://github.com/Yada-Yang/SampleOpcUaServer
轉自https://www.cnblogs.com/yada/p/18257593
該文章在 2025/5/17 10:09:56 編輯過
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