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JavaScript就這么回事

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2011年3月12日 21:23 本文熱度 4695

有些時(shí)候你精通一門語(yǔ)言，但是會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你其實(shí)整天在和其它語(yǔ)言打交道，也許你以為這些微不足道，不至于影響你的開(kāi)發(fā)進(jìn)度，但恰恰是這些你不重視的東西會(huì)浪費(fèi)你很多時(shí)間，我一直以為我早在幾年前就已經(jīng)精通JavaScript了，直到目前，我才越來(lái)越覺(jué)得JavaScript遠(yuǎn)比我想象的復(fù)雜和強(qiáng)大，我開(kāi)始崇拜它，就像崇拜所有OOP語(yǔ)言一樣～
趁著節(jié)日的空隙，把有關(guān)JavaScript的方法和技巧整理下，讓每個(gè)在為JavaScript而煩惱的人明白，JavaScript就這么回事！并希望JavaScript還可以成為你的朋友，讓你豁然開(kāi)朗，在項(xiàng)目中更好的應(yīng)用～

適合閱讀范圍：對(duì)JavaScript一無(wú)所知～離精通只差一步之遙的人

基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)：HTML

JavaScript就這么回事1：基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)

1 創(chuàng)建腳本塊

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: JavaScript code goes here
3: </script>

2 隱藏腳本代碼

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: 
5: </script>

在不支持JavaScript的瀏覽器中將不執(zhí)行相關(guān)代碼

3 瀏覽器不支持的時(shí)候顯示

1: <noscript>
2: Hello to the non-JavaScript browser.
3: </noscript>

4 鏈接外部腳本文件

1: <script language=”JavaScript” src="/”filename.js"”></script>

5 注釋腳本

1: // This is a comment
2: document.write(“Hello”); // This is a comment
3: /*
4: All of this
5: is a comment
6: */

6 輸出到瀏覽器

1: document.write(“<strong>Hello</strong>”);

7 定義變量

1: var myVariable = “some value”;

8 字符串相加

1: var myString = “String1” + “String2”;

9 字符串搜索

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: 
7: </script>

10 字符串替換

1: thisVar.replace(“Monday”,”Friday”);

11 格式化字串

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: 
21: </script>

12 創(chuàng)建數(shù)組

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: 
11: </script>

13 數(shù)組排序

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: 
11: </script>

14 分割字符串

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: 
10: </script>

15 彈出警告信息

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: 
5: </script>

16 彈出確認(rèn)框

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: 
5: </script>

17 定義函數(shù)

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: 
8: </script>

18 調(diào)用JS函數(shù)

1: <a href=”#” onClick=”functionName()”>Link text</a>
2: <a href="/”javascript:functionName"()”>Link text</a>

19 在頁(yè)面加載完成后執(zhí)行函數(shù)

1: <body onLoad=”functionName();”>
2: Body of the page
3: </body>

20 條件判斷

1: <script>
2: 
7: </script>

21 指定次數(shù)循環(huán)

1: <script>
2: 
11: </script>

22 設(shè)定將來(lái)執(zhí)行

1: <script>
2: 
8: </script>

23 定時(shí)執(zhí)行函數(shù)

1: <script>
2: 
9: </script>

24 取消定時(shí)執(zhí)行

1: <script>
2: 
9: </script>

25 在頁(yè)面卸載時(shí)候執(zhí)行函數(shù)

1: <body onUnload=”functionName();”>
2: Body of the page
3: </body>

JavaScript就這么回事2：瀏覽器輸出

26 訪問(wèn)document對(duì)象

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: var myURL = document.URL;
3: window.alert(myURL);
4: </script>

27 動(dòng)態(tài)輸出HTML

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: document.write(“<p>Here’s some information about this document:</p>”);
3: document.write(“<ul>”);
4: document.write(“<li>Referring Document: “ + document.referrer + “</li>”);
5: document.write(“<li>Domain: “ + document.domain + “</li>”);
6: document.write(“<li>URL: “ + document.URL + “</li>”);
7: document.write(“</ul>”);
8: </script>

28 輸出換行

1: document.writeln(“<strong>a</strong>”);
2: document.writeln(“b”);

29 輸出日期

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: var thisDate = new Date();
3: document.write(thisDate.toString());
4: </script>

30 指定日期的時(shí)區(qū)

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: var myOffset = -2;
3: var currentDate = new Date();
4: var userOffset = currentDate.getTimezoneOffset()/60;
5: var timeZoneDifference = userOffset - myOffset;
6: currentDate.setHours(currentDate.getHours() + timeZoneDifference);
7: document.write(“The time and date in Central Europe is: “ + currentDate.toLocaleString());
8: </script>

31 設(shè)置日期輸出格式

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: var thisDate = new Date();
3: var thisTimeString = thisDate.getHours() + “:” + thisDate.getMinutes();
4: var thisDateString = thisDate.getFullYear() + “/” + thisDate.getMonth() + “/” + thisDate.getDate();
5: document.write(thisTimeString + “ on “ + thisDateString);
6: </script>

32 讀取URL參數(shù)

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: var urlParts = document.URL.split(“?”);
3: var parameterParts = urlParts[1].split(“&”);
4: for (i = 0; i < parameterParts.length; i++) {
5: var pairParts = parameterParts[i].split(“=”);
6: var pairName = pairParts[0];
7: var pairValue = pairParts[1];
8: document.write(pairName + “ ：“ +pairValue );
9: }
10: </script>

你還以為HTML是無(wú)狀態(tài)的么？

33 打開(kāi)一個(gè)新的document對(duì)象

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: function newDocument() {
3: document.open();
4: document.write(“<p>This is a New Document.</p>”);
5: document.close();
6: }
7: </script>

34 頁(yè)面跳轉(zhuǎn)

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: window.location = “http://www.liu21st.com/”;
3: </script>

35 添加網(wǎng)頁(yè)加載進(jìn)度窗口

1: <html>
2: <head>
3: <script language='javaScript'>
4: var placeHolder = window.open('holder.html','placeholder','width=200,height=200');
5: </script>
6: <title>The Main Page</title>
7: </head>
8: <body onLoad='placeHolder.close()'>
9: <p>This is the main page</p>
10: </body>
11: </html>

JavaScript就這么回事3：圖像

36 讀取圖像屬性

1: <img src="/”image1.jpg"” name=”myImage”>
2: <a href=”# ” onClick=”window.alert(document.myImage.width)”>Width</a>
3:

37 動(dòng)態(tài)加載圖像

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: myImage = new Image;
3: myImage.src = “Tellers1.jpg”;
4: </script>

38 簡(jiǎn)單的圖像替換

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: rollImage = new Image;
3: rollImage.src = “rollImage1.jpg”;
4: defaultImage = new Image;
5: defaultImage.src = “image1.jpg”;
6: </script>
7: <a href="/”myUrl"” onMouseOver=”document.myImage.src = rollImage.src;”
8: onMouseOut=”document.myImage.src = defaultImage.src;”>
9: <img src="/”image1.jpg"” name=”myImage” width=100 height=100 border=0>

39 隨機(jī)顯示圖像

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: var imageList = new Array;
3: imageList[0] = “image1.jpg”;
4: imageList[1] = “image2.jpg”;
5: imageList[2] = “image3.jpg”;
6: imageList[3] = “image4.jpg”;
7: var imageChoice = Math.floor(Math.random() * imageList.length);
8: document.write(‘<img src=”’ + imageList[imageChoice] + ‘“>’);
9: </script>

40 函數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)的圖像替換

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: var source = 0;
3: var replacement = 1;
4: function createRollOver(originalImage,replacementImage) {
5: var imageArray = new Array;
6: imageArray[source] = new Image;
7: imageArray[source].src = originalImage;
8: imageArray[replacement] = new Image;
9: imageArray[replacement].src = replacementImage;
10: return imageArray;
11: }
12: var rollImage1 = createRollOver(“image1.jpg”,”rollImage1.jpg”);
13: </script>
14: <a href=”#” onMouseOver=”document.myImage1.src = rollImage1[replacement].src;”
15: onMouseOut=”document.myImage1.src = rollImage1[source].src;”>
16: <img src="/”image1.jpg"” width=100 name=”myImage1” border=0>
17: </a>

41 創(chuàng)建幻燈片

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: var imageList = new Array;
3: imageList[0] = new Image;
4: imageList[0].src = “image1.jpg”;
5: imageList[1] = new Image;
6: imageList[1].src = “image2.jpg”;
7: imageList[2] = new Image;
8: imageList[2].src = “image3.jpg”;
9: imageList[3] = new Image;
10: imageList[3].src = “image4.jpg”;
11: function slideShow(imageNumber) {
12: document.slideShow.src = imageList[imageNumber].src;
13: imageNumber += 1;
14: if (imageNumber < imageList.length) {
15: window.setTimeout(“slideShow(“ + imageNumber + “)”,3000);
16: }
17: }
18: </script>
19: </head>
20: <body onLoad=”slideShow(0)”>
21: <img src="/”image1.jpg"” width=100 name=”slideShow”>

42 隨機(jī)廣告圖片

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: var imageList = new Array;
3: imageList[0] = “image1.jpg”;
4: imageList[1] = “image2.jpg”;
5: imageList[2] = “image3.jpg”;
6: imageList[3] = “image4.jpg”;
7: var urlList = new Array;
8: urlList[0] = “http://some.host/”;
9: urlList[1] = “http://another.host/”;
10: urlList[2] = “http://somewhere.else/”;
11: urlList[3] = “http://right.here/”;
12: var imageChoice = Math.floor(Math.random() * imageList.length);
13: document.write(‘<a href=”’ + urlList[imageChoice] + ‘“><img src=”’ + imageList[imageChoice] + ‘“></a>’);
14: </script>

JavaScript就這么回事4：表單

還是先繼續(xù)寫完JS就這么回事系列吧～
43 表單構(gòu)成

1: <form method=”post” action=”target.html” name=”thisForm”>
2: <input type=”text” name=”myText”>
3: <select name=”mySelect”>
4: <option value=”1”>First Choice</option>
5: <option value=”2”>Second Choice</option>
6: </select>
7: <br>
8: <input type=”submit” value=”Submit Me”>
9: </form>

44 訪問(wèn)表單中的文本框內(nèi)容

1: <form name=”myForm”>
2: <input type=”text” name=”myText”>
3: </form>
4: <a href='#' onClick='window.alert(document.myForm.myText.value);'>Check Text Field</a>

45 動(dòng)態(tài)復(fù)制文本框內(nèi)容

1: <form name=”myForm”>
2: Enter some Text: <input type=”text” name=”myText”><br>
3: Copy Text: <input type=”text” name=”copyText”>
4: </form>
5: <a href=”#” onClick=”document.myForm.copyText.value =
6: document.myForm.myText.value;”>Copy Text Field</a>

46 偵測(cè)文本框的變化

1: <form name=”myForm”>
2: Enter some Text: <input type=”text” name=”myText” onChange=”alert(this.value);”>
3: </form>

47 訪問(wèn)選中的Select

1: <form name=”myForm”>
2: <select name=”mySelect”>
3: <option value=”First Choice”>1</option>
4: <option value=”Second Choice”>2</option>
5: <option value=”Third Choice”>3</option>
6: </select>
7: </form>
8: <a href='#' onClick='alert(document.myForm.mySelect.value);'>Check Selection List</a>

48 動(dòng)態(tài)增加Select項(xiàng)

1: <form name=”myForm”>
2: <select name=”mySelect”>
3: <option value=”First Choice”>1</option>
4: <option value=”Second Choice”>2</option>
5: </select>
6: </form>
7: <script language=”JavaScript”>
8: document.myForm.mySelect.length++;
9: document.myForm.mySelect.options[document.myForm.mySelect.length - 1].text = “3”;
10: document.myForm.mySelect.options[document.myForm.mySelect.length - 1].value = “Third Choice”;
11: </script>

49 驗(yàn)證表單字段

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: function checkField(field) {
3: if (field.value == “”) {
4: window.alert(“You must enter a value in the field”);
5: field.focus();
6: }
7: }
8: </script>
9: <form name=”myForm” action=”target.html”>
10: Text Field: <input type=”text” name=”myField”onBlur=”checkField(this)”>
11: <br><input type=”submit”>
12: </form>

50 驗(yàn)證Select項(xiàng)

1: function checkList(selection) {
2: if (selection.length == 0) {
3: window.alert(“You must make a selection from the list.”);
4: return false;
5: }
6: return true;
7: }

51 動(dòng)態(tài)改變表單的action

1: <form name=”myForm” action=”login.html”>
2: Username: <input type=”text” name=”username”><br>
3: Password: <input type=”password” name=”password”><br>
4: <input type=”button” value=”Login” onClick=”this.form.submit();”>
5: <input type=”button” value=”Register” onClick=”this.form.action = ‘register.html’; this.form.submit();”>
6: <input type=”button” value=”Retrieve Password” onClick=”this.form.action = ‘password.html’; this.form.submit();”>
7: </form>

52 使用圖像按鈕

1: <form name=”myForm” action=”login.html”>
2: Username: <input type=”text” name=”username”><br>
3: Password: <input type=”password”name=”password”><br>
4: <input type=”image” src="/”login.gif"” value=”Login”>
5: </form>
6:

53 表單數(shù)據(jù)的加密

1: <SCRIPT LANGUAGE='JavaScript'>
2: 
17: </SCRIPT>
18: <form name='myForm' onSubmit='encryptForm(this); window.alert(this.myField.value);'>
19: Enter Some Text: <input type=text name=myField><input type=submit>
20: </form>

JavaScript就這么回事5：窗口和框架

54 改變?yōu)g覽器狀態(tài)欄文字提示

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: window.status = “A new status message”;
3: </script>

55 彈出確認(rèn)提示框

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: var userChoice = window.confirm(“Click OK or Cancel”);
3: if (userChoice) {
4: document.write(“You chose OK”);
5: } else {
6: document.write(“You chose Cancel”);
7: }
8: </script>

56 提示輸入

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: var userName = window.prompt(“Please Enter Your Name”,”Enter Your Name Here”);
3: document.write(“Your Name is “ + userName);
4: </script>

57 打開(kāi)一個(gè)新窗口

1: //打開(kāi)一個(gè)名稱為myNewWindow的瀏覽器新窗口
2: <script language=”JavaScript”>
3: window.open(“http://www.liu21st.com/”,”myNewWindow”);
4: </script>

58 設(shè)置新窗口的大小

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: window.open(“http://www.liu21st.com/”,”myNewWindow”,'height=300,width=300');
3: </script>

59 設(shè)置新窗口的位置

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: window.open(“http://www.liu21st.com/”,”myNewWindow”,'height=300,width=300,left=200,screenX=200,top=100,screenY=100');
3: </script>

60 是否顯示工具欄和滾動(dòng)欄

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: window.open(“http: ?????????????

61 是否可以縮放新窗口的大小

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: window.open('http://www.liu21st.com/' , 'myNewWindow', 'resizable=yes' );</script>

62 加載一個(gè)新的文檔到當(dāng)前窗口

1: <a href='#' onClick='document.location = '125a.html';' >Open New Document</a>

63 設(shè)置頁(yè)面的滾動(dòng)位置

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: if (document.all) { //如果是IE瀏覽器則使用scrollTop屬性
3: document.body.scrollTop = 200;
4: } else { //如果是NetScape瀏覽器則使用pageYOffset屬性
5: window.pageYOffset = 200;
6: }</script>

64 在IE中打開(kāi)全屏窗口

1: <a href='#' onClick=”window.open('http://www.juxta.com/','newWindow','fullScreen=yes');”>Open a full-screen window</a>

65 新窗口和父窗口的操作

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: //定義新窗口
3: var newWindow = window.open(“128a.html”,”newWindow”);
4: newWindow.close(); //在父窗口中關(guān)閉打開(kāi)的新窗口
5: </script>
6: 在新窗口中關(guān)閉父窗口
7: window.opener.close()

66 往新窗口中寫內(nèi)容

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: var newWindow = window.open(“”,”newWindow”);
3: newWindow.document.open();
4: newWindow.document.write(“This is a new window”);
5: newWIndow.document.close();
6: </script>

67 加載頁(yè)面到框架頁(yè)面

1: <frameset cols=”50%,*”>
2: <frame name=”frame1” src="/”135a.html"”>
3: <frame name=”frame2” src="/”about:blank"”>
4: </frameset>
5: 在frame1中加載frame2中的頁(yè)面
6: parent.frame2.document.location = “135b.html”;

68 在框架頁(yè)面之間共享腳本
如果在frame1中html文件中有個(gè)腳本

1: function doAlert() {
2: window.alert(“Frame 1 is loaded”);
3: }

那么在frame2中可以如此調(diào)用該方法

1: <body onLoad=”parent.frame1.doAlert();”>
2: This is frame 2.
3: </body>

69 數(shù)據(jù)公用
可以在框架頁(yè)面定義數(shù)據(jù)項(xiàng)，使得該數(shù)據(jù)可以被多個(gè)框架中的頁(yè)面公用

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: var persistentVariable = “This is a persistent value”;
3: </script>
4: <frameset cols=”50%,*”>
5: <frame name=”frame1” src="/”138a.html"”>
6: <frame name=”frame2” src="/”138b.html"”>
7: </frameset>

這樣在frame1和frame2中都可以使用變量persistentVariable

70 框架代碼庫(kù)
根據(jù)以上的一些思路，我們可以使用一個(gè)隱藏的框架頁(yè)面來(lái)作為整個(gè)框架集的代碼庫(kù)

1: <frameset cols=”0,50%,*”>
2: <frame name=”codeFrame” src="/”140code.html"”>
3: <frame name=”frame1” src="/”140a.html"”>
4: <frame name=”frame2” src="/”140b.html"”>
5: </frameset>

該文章在 2011/3/12 21:23:07 編輯過(guò)

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點(diǎn)晴免費(fèi)OA是一款軟件和通用服務(wù)都免費(fèi)，不限功能、不限時(shí)間、不限用戶的免費(fèi)OA協(xié)同辦公管理系統(tǒng)。